منابع مشابه
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The paper discusses a number of threats to the financial sustainability of social spending: increased internationalization of national economies, gradually higher relative costs of producing a number of human services, the “graying” of the population, slower productivity growth in the private sector, low employment rates, and various types of disincentive effects related to the welfare state it...
متن کاملSustainable Social Spending IUI
The paper discusses a number of threats to the financial sustainability of social spending: increased internationalization of national economies, gradually higher relative costs of producing a number of human services, the “graying” of the population, slower productivity growth in the private sector, low employment rates, and various types of disincentive effects related to the welfare state it...
متن کاملRevising Social Contracts: Social Spending
This paper examines the determinants of social spending in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and East Asia during the 1980s and 1990s. We hypothesize that pronounced and enduring differences in welfare legacies and fiscal constraints affected the way countries of the three regions responded to more contemporary challenges of economic crisis, integration into global markets, and transitions from au...
متن کاملA Sustainable Spending Rate without Simulation
Financial commentators have called for more research on sustainable spending rates for individuals and endowments holding diversified portfolios. We present a forward-looking framework for analyzing spending rates and introduce a simple measure, stochastic present value, that parsimoniously meshes investment risk and return, mortality estimates, and spending rates without resorting to opaque Mo...
متن کاملWhat Limits Social Spending?
The forces that are most likely to set the ultimate limits on social spending as a share of GDP are not those usually imagined. The deadweight costs of such spending, and the taxes behind them, fail to show the predicted upward spiral. The experience of 1960–1981 shows a major role for shifts in relative age-group sizes, but with an approaching sunset to the effect of aging on social-spending p...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Tax and Public Finance
سال: 2006
ISSN: 0927-5940,1573-6970
DOI: 10.1007/s10797-006-9175-5